Life

Do bacteria use tungsten for protection from interstellar radiation? Life

Do bacteria use tungsten for protection from interstellar radiation?

Tungsten is a heavy metal with impressive properties: the white, shiny material doesn’t melt until the temperature is at 3422 °C and doesn’t boil until 5930 °C. It is resistant to almost all acids and has approximately the density of gold. It is also interesting that all its natural isotopes are theoretically unstable. Their half-lives, however, are on the order of trillions of years, so their decomposition is not measurable on our time scales. Humans have used tungsten to construct light-bulb filaments for incandescent and fluorescent lights. In the carbon compound, tungsten carbide, it is almost as hard as…
The Very Large Telescope checks out the Alpha Centauri system Life

The Very Large Telescope checks out the Alpha Centauri system

The closest star system to our Sun (4.37 light-years away) consists of two Sun-like stars (Alpha Centauri A and B) and the red dwarf Proxima Centauri. Astronomers already discovered a rocky planet orbiting Proxima Centauri. But what about the binary Alpha Centauri system? A new instrument named NEAR and developed by the “Breakthrough Watch” Initiative and the European Southern Observatory (ESO) is set to find out. NEAR (Near Earths in the AlphaCen Region) is, above all, a so-called thermal infrared coronagraph. The instrument blocks out most of the light received from a target star and at the same time…
Gliding in the clouds of Venus: NASA studies two Venus missions Life

Gliding in the clouds of Venus: NASA studies two Venus missions

Every year, NASA uses the “NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts” program (NIAC) to finance interesting projects that might someday become a reality. Projects in Phase 1 are subject to a nine-month study on their general feasibility, while in Phase 2, projects receive a two-year grant to develop their designs in detail. At the end, they aren’t required to be commercially marketable just yet – the transition to that level of development is done in Phase 3. Currently, the list includes two projects whose destination is Venus, Earth’s hellish little sister. (more…)
Traces of life in a meteorite from Mars Life

Traces of life in a meteorite from Mars

ALH-77005 has already been through a lot. The lump of stone, which weighs around one pound, was ripped from the surface of Mars 178 million years ago by the impact of a bigger meteorite. The force of the impact flung it into space. Through no fault of its own, ALH-77005 was then put on a course to Earth, where it arrived three million years later. It was bigger at the time, but its entry into the Earth’s thick atmosphere would have broken it apart. A lump of brown-gray stone, weighing 483 grams and measuring 9.5 cm x 7.5 cm…
Where are we most likely to find signs of extraterrestrial life? Life

Where are we most likely to find signs of extraterrestrial life?

Today, astronomers know that most stars develop a planetary system during the course of their life. It is estimated that the total number of planets exceeds the total number of stars. On average, each star has between one and two planets. With its 200 billion stars, the Milky Way therefore might have around 300 billion planets. Of course, there is a huge amount of variability in these planets. There are gas giants that rotate on very tight orbits and are almost as hot as their host star. There are icy planets on the distant outskirts of their systems, like…
Here we are: a signal for extraterrestrial civilizations Life

Here we are: a signal for extraterrestrial civilizations

Would it be possible to alert extraterrestrial civilizations to our presence in the universe? Yes, says a feasibility study that was carried out by MIT doctoral candidate, James Clark, and was published in The Astrophysical Journal. Clark combined two already available technologies: a strong laser with an output power of 1 or 2 MW, similar to, for example, the U.S. Air Force’s Airborne Laser, and a large telescope with 30-meter (100-feet) or 45-meter (150-feet) optics, like those already in construction. (more…)
Eu:Cropis – more than just growing tomatoes in space Life

Eu:Cropis – more than just growing tomatoes in space

On the evening of December 3rd, I was at the German Space Operations Center in Oberpfaffenhofen and witnessed the successful launch of a SpaceX rocket into space and the final transfer of control over the deployed satellite to the team at the German Aerospace Center (Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)). Now there is a new garden floating in space. Developed by researchers at the Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen and built by DLR specialists, Eu:Cropis is intended to study how a closed-loop biological life support system works in space and how it can be used to supply…
Bacteria survive one year on the outer shell of the ISS Life

Bacteria survive one year on the outer shell of the ISS

Bacteria of genus Deinococcus are known for their ability to survive even the harshest conditions. Deinococcus radiodurans, for example, is barely bothered by radiation. If a person receives a dose of 10 Gy, he will die within one to two weeks (as happened to the victims of atomic bombings). Deinococcus radiodurans, in contrast, will begin to gradually sicken starting at 10,000 Gy, but will then recover. At 17,500 Gy, a third of the population will still survive; individual specimens can survive doses of 30,000 Gy. The round cells of this genus, which are usually reddish due to pigment, have…